Keris is a typical Indonesian stabbing weapons . Based on ancient documents , a dagger in the initial form has been used since the 9th century . Strong possibility that a dagger was used prior to this period . Minister for the custom of Indonesia, Jero Wacik has brought a dagger to UNESCO and asked for reassurance that this is the cultural heritage of Indonesia .
The use of the keris themselves spread in the Malay community . At the present time , a dagger commonly known in the area of Indonesia ( primarily in Java , Madura , Bali / Lombok , Sumatra , part of Borneo , as well as parts of Sulawesi ) , Malaysia , Brunei , Thailand , and the Philippines ( particularly in the Mindanao region ) . In Mindanao , the form of arms which are also called kris does not have many similarities although also a stabbing weapon .
Keris has a variety of forms , for example, there is a winding blade ( always berbilang odd) and some are straight bladed . Javanese people assume different forms esoteri have different effects .
Besides being used as a weapon , a dagger is also often considered to have supernatural powers . These weapons are often mentioned in many traditional legends , such as the keris Mpu Gandring in legend Ken Arok and Ken Dedes .
Procedures for the use of the keris is different in each region . In the area of Javanese and Sundanese , for example , a dagger placed in the back of the waist in peacetime but are placed at the front during the war . Meanwhile , in Sumatra , Borneo , Malaysia , Brunei and the Philippines , a dagger placed at the front .
In addition to a dagger , there are still some other stabbing weapons in the archipelago , as rencong of Aceh , the dagger of Sulawesi and West Java cleaver . Keris is distinguished from other stabbing weapons primarily from the blade . Dagger blade is not made from a single metal casted but a mixture of various metal layers. As a result of this manufacturing technique , the keris has a specific form of prestige on the blade .
Parts kris
Some terms in this section is taken from Javanese tradition, simply because the references provided. Some experts classify Tosan Aji keris as a stabbing weapon, so the main part of a keris is wilah (blades) or plain language is like a blade. But because the keris has other requirements, namely sheath (sheath) and the grip part keris or engraving, the unity of the whole apparatus called a keris.
Grip or upstream kris kris
The handle keris (Javanese: uniformity) is an assortment of motives, to keris Bali there that looks like an idol, sculpture pedande, Raksaka statues, sculptures of dancers, the hermit, the forest, and there are carved with gold and precious stones kinatah.
Depicts a dagger grip Sulawesi sea birds. It was as symbolic of some professions Sulawesi people were a sailor, while the bird is the symbol of the world for the safety. As well as the motive head of birds used in kris Riau Lingga, and to other areas as the development center Tosan aji such as Aceh, Bangkinang (Riau), Palembang, Sambas, Kutai, Bugis, Luwu, Java, Madura and Sulu, kris has carvings and a different symbol. In addition, the materials used were derived from a variety of materials such as ivory, bone, metal, and most are wood.
To handle Javanese kris, generally consist of sirah wingking (of the head), Jiling, cigir, shallow, bathuk (front of the head), Weteng and cauliflower.
• Sheath or sheath
Warangka, or sheath (language Banjar: Kumpang), is a component of a dagger that has a specific function, especially in the social life of the Java community, not least because this is the part that looks directly. Warangka were originally made of wood (common is teak, sandalwood, Timoho, and yellow). In line with the times by an additional wrangka function as a reflection of social status for its users. Uppers or ladrang-Gayaman often replaced with ivory.
Broadly speaking there are two forms of the sheath, the sheath ladrang kind that consists of the parts: tweezers, lata, beard, Gandek, Godong (shaped like a leaf), axle, ri and cangkring. And the other type is the type of wrangka Gayaman (Gandon) which parts are almost the same as wrangka ladrang but there are tweezers, Godong and Gandek.
Rules wrangka use of these forms has been determined, though not absolute. Wrangka ladrang used for official ceremonies, for example before the king, other palace official events (coronation, royal appointments, marriage, etc.) with the intent of respect. Instructions for their use is by slipping a dagger in the folds belt axle (stagen) on the back of the waist (including consideration for the safety of the king). While wrangka Gayaman used for daily necessities, and a dagger placed on the front (near the waist) or behind (back waist).
In the war, used was a dagger wrangka Gayaman, consideration is from the practical side and quick, because wrangka Gayaman further enable quick and easy to move, because the shape is more simple.
Ladrang and Gayaman is a pattern-form wrangka, and the main part by function wrangka is the bottom of the long form (along wilah kris) called axle or antupan, then the function axle is to wrap wilah (slats) and usually made of wood (considered to no damage wilah made from alloy).
Because the function of the axle to wrap, so the function of beauty does not come first, then to memperindahnya be coated sleeve-like cylinder called pendok. Part pendok (layer sleeves) is what usually carved very beautiful, made of brass, suasa (a mixture of copper gold), silver, gold. For regions outside of Java (among kings Bugis, Goa, Palembang, Riau, Bali) pendoknya made of gold, along with additional embellishments such as embroidery laces of gold and studded with diamonds flowers.
For kris Java, according to their form pendok there are three kinds, namely (1) pendok bunton shaped sleeve flat with no cleavage on its side, (2) pendok cantaloupe (blengah) split lengthwise until at one end so that the axle will be visible, and (3) pendok topengan are slit just located in the center. When viewed from the decorations, there are two kinds pendok pendok pendok ornate and plain (without engraving).
• wilah
Wilah or wilahan is a major part of a keris, and also consists of certain parts that are not the same for each wilahan, which is usually called the kitchen, or the naming of the different forms of the wilah-bar (there are dozens of forms kitchen). For example, it can be mentioned tall kitchen mayang, bachelor lola, pinarak crown murub, cauliflower, kebo Tedan, pudak sitegal, etc.
At the base there wilahan pesi, which is the lower end of a keris or kris stalk. These sections go into the handle keris (engraving). Pesi in length between 5 cm to 7 cm, with a cross section of about 5 mm to 10 mm, long round shape like a pencil. In the area of East Java called pivot, in Riau called nipple, while for Sarawak, Brunei and Malaysia called punting.
At the base (base keris) or the bottom of a keris called cannabis (for local call aring the Malay peninsula). In the middle there is a hole pesi (round) just to enter pesi, so that the wilah and marijuana inseparable. Tosan Aji cultural observers say that the unity it symbolizes the unity of the phallus and yoni, which represents marijuana emblem symbolizes the yoni while pesi lingganya. This cannabis glance lizard-shaped, the front is called sirah lizard, called gulu meled neck, abdomen and tail called wetengan called SEBIT ron. Variety of marijuana is diverse, wilut, dungkul, flashing leeches and SEBIT rontal.
Luk, is part of the winding-wilah dagger blade, and judging from the shape of a dagger can be divided into two major categories, namely kris dagger blade straight and winding or luk. One simple way calculate luk on the bar, starting from the base of a dagger towards the end of the keris, is calculated from the convex side and done on both sides of each side of (right-left), then the last number is the number luk at wilah-blades and the number is always odd (odd) and never even, and the smallest is luk three (3) and most are luk thirteen (13). If there keris luk number of its more than thirteen, usually called kalawija keris, or keris is unusual.
Tangguh kris
In the field of keris known grouping called tough to mean the period of manufacture or style of manufacture . This is similar to , for example with Javanese dance style of Yogyakarta and Surakarta . An understanding of respite will help identify the physical characteristics of a keris .
Some respite commonly known :
• powerful Majapahit
• tough Pajajaran
• tough Mataram
• tough Yogyakarta
• tough Surakarta .
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